by Anne White
In English, a sentence stretches from left to right…A writer
composes a sentence with subject and verb at the beginning, followed by other
subordinate elements…Think of [the] main clause as the locomotive that pulls
all of the cars that follow…If the writer wants to create suspense, or build
tension, or make the reader wait and wonder, or join a journey of discovery, or
hold on for dear life, he can save subject and verb of the main clause until
later…[but] this variation works only when most sentences branch to the right,
a pattern that creates meaning, momentum, and literary power. (Roy Peter Clark, Writing Tools:
50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer)
Every sentence speaks of someone or of something, and tells
us something about that of which it speaks…In our sentence we speak of 'Tom.' We
say about him that he 'has learned his lesson.' The thing we speak of is often
called the SUBJECT, which just means that which we talk about. (Charlotte Mason, Home
Education)
Listen.
If someone tells you what a story is about, they are
probably right.
If they tell you that that is all the story is about, they
are very definitely wrong.
Any story is about a host of things. It is about the author;
it is about the world the author sees and deals with and lives in; it is about
the words chosen and the way those words are deployed; it is about the story
itself and what happens in the story; it is about the people in the story; it
is polemic; it is opinion. (Neil Gaiman, introduction to Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit
451)
Listen. I will tell you a story about stories.
In high school we were handed a book of classic short stories. We handled that book objectively, tightly, scientifically, trying to identify the exact bacteria on the
lens of “The Most Dangerous Game” and “The Rocking Horse Winner.” We mapped the
rising action, the climax, the denouement; wrote up our lab reports; got our
marks.
In university, we had a course on The Short Story that took
the opposite, subjective, biblio-therapeutic approach. If “Young Goodman Brown” or
“Bartleby the Scrivener” reminded us of our boyfriends, landlords, weird
uncles, that's what the story meant. Well, as Neil Gaiman says, if a reader tells you what a
story is about, they are
probably right.
However, as every sentence speaks of someone or of
something, so does every story. A good story deserves more than the reader’s
subjective reaction. It is, though, about more than stuffing a square peg of character,
voice, polemic, opinion, into a round hole of rising action, saying that's "all the story is about." Writing professor
George Saunders has expanded on the idea of “someone”:
… perhaps the most radical idea of all
[is] that every human being is worthy of attention and that the origins of
every good and evil capability of the universe may be found by observing a
single, even very humble, person and the turnings of his or her mind. (A Swim
in a Pond in the Rain)
Saunders also says that, as we read a particular story by Tolstoy,
we begin living it; the words disappear
and we find ourselves thinking not about word choice but about the decisions
the characters are making and decisions we have made, or might have to make
someday, in our actual lives. (same)
So, what is a better way to read, to write, or to teach novels, plays,
stories? We go back to what Charlotte told us about sentences: they speak of
someone, they speak of something that happens. We follow someone around as they
swim in a pond in the rain, or drive through a blizzard, or surreptitiously
slip a book into their pocket. As musical compositions begin with a theme and then introduce
variations, so do stories. You thought the wolf was going to blow the brick
house down, but surprise, you’re wrong. And here is the kicker: the story, as
we receive it, is not only about the decisions made by the characters, but also
by the author.
As apprentice writers, we watch for the ways the words themselves, the shapes of the sentences, the parallels and variations build suspense, fear, relief, delight. As readers, we are allowed to let them disappear, but only so that we can make even more discoveries (beyond weird uncles); so that we can begin living it.
Start with subjects. Continue with verbs. If it worked for
Tom, it can still work for us.